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如何在 Windows XP 中重置 Internet 协议 (TCP/IP)
aku1 发表于 2006-8-15 17:03:46

简介

在 Microsoft Windows XP 中,TCP/IP 椎栈是操作系统的一个核心组件,您不能删除 TCP/IP。因此,当您查看网络接口的组件列表时,您可能会注意到当选中 Internet 协议 (TCP/IP) 时将禁用“卸载”按钮。在极特殊的情况下,此问题的最佳解决方案可能是重新安装 Internet 协议堆栈。而使用 NetShell 实用工具,您可以重置 TCP/IP 堆栈,使其恢复为安装操作系统时所处的状态。本文介绍如何使用 NetShell 实用工具实现这一目的。

更多信息

NetShell 实用工具 (netsh) 是用于配置和监视 Windows XP 网络的命令行脚本界面。此工具为用户提供了一个可交互的网络解释器界面。

在 Windows XP 中,在 NetShell 实用工具的 IP 上下文中有一个重置命令。当执行重置命令时,它重写 Internet 协议 (TCP/IP) 堆栈使用的相关注册表项,实现与删除并重新安装协议相同的结果。
SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\Tcpip\Parameters\ 
SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\DHCP\Parameters\ 
				

命令用法

netsh int ip reset [log_file_name]
若要成功运行此命令,必须指定用于记录 netsh 所执行的操作的日志文件名。例如,在命令提示符下,键入“命令示例”部分中列出的两个示例中的一个。之后会重置系统上的 TCP/IP 堆栈,所采取的操作将会记录在日志文件 Resetlog.txt 中。第一个示例在当前目录中创建日志文件,而第二个示例创建一个路径,日志将保存在其中。不管是哪种情况,如果指定的日志文件已存在,则新日志将附加在现有文件的末尾。

警告:在运行 netsh winsock reset 命令时,访问或监视 Internet 的程序(如防病毒程序、防火墙或代理客户端)可能会受到不良影响。如果使用此解决方案后,您的某个程序不能正常工作,请重新安装此程序以恢复功能。

命令示例

netsh int ip reset resetlog.txt
netsh int ip reset c:\resetlog.txt

NETSH INT IP RESET 的示例日志文件

以下是发出 IP 重置命令后 netsh 生成的日志文件的示例。根据发出命令的系统上配置的不同,实际的日志文件也会有所不同。如果 TCP/IP 注册表项的原始配置未发生变化,则该文件中将不会记录任何操作。
reset   SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\Dhcp\Parameters\Options\15\RegLocation
            old REG_MULTI_SZ =
                SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\Tcpip\Parameters\Interfaces\?\DhcpDomain
                SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\TcpIp\Parameters\DhcpDomain

added   SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\Netbt\Parameters\Interfaces\Tcpip_{2DDD011E-B1B6-4886-87AC-B4E72693D10C}\NetbiosOptions
added   SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\Netbt\Parameters\Interfaces\Tcpip_{BAA9D128-54BB-43F6-8922-313D537BE03E}\NetbiosOptions
reset   SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\Netbt\Parameters\Interfaces\Tcpip_{BD2859BA-B26A-4E2B-A3FE-3D246F90A81A}\NameServerList
            old REG_MULTI_SZ =
                10.1.1.2

deleted SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\Netbt\Parameters\EnableLmhosts
added   SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\Tcpip\Parameters\Interfaces\{2DDD011E-B1B6-4886-87AC-B4E72693D10C}\AddressType
added   SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\Tcpip\Parameters\Interfaces\{2DDD011E-B1B6-4886-87AC-B4E72693D10C}\DefaultGatewayMetric
added   SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\Tcpip\Parameters\Interfaces\{2DDD011E-B1B6-4886-87AC-B4E72693D10C}\DisableDynamicUpdate
deleted SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\Tcpip\Parameters\Interfaces\{2DDD011E-B1B6-4886-87AC-B4E72693D10C}\DontAddDefaultGateway
reset   SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\Tcpip\Parameters\Interfaces\{2DDD011E-B1B6-4886-87AC-B4E72693D10C}\EnableDhcp
            old REG_DWORD = 0

added   SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\Tcpip\Parameters\Interfaces\{2DDD011E-B1B6-4886-87AC-B4E72693D10C}\NameServer
added   SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\Tcpip\Parameters\Interfaces\{2DDD011E-B1B6-4886-87AC-B4E72693D10C}\RawIpAllowedProtocols
added   SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\Tcpip\Parameters\Interfaces\{2DDD011E-B1B6-4886-87AC-B4E72693D10C}\TcpAllowedPorts
added   SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\Tcpip\Parameters\Interfaces\{2DDD011E-B1B6-4886-87AC-B4E72693D10C}\UdpAllowedPorts
added   SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\Tcpip\Parameters\Interfaces\{5B3675C3-6EB9-4936-B991-04DA31024C4E}\DisableDynamicUpdate
reset   SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\Tcpip\Parameters\Interfaces\{5B3675C3-6EB9-4936-B991-04DA31024C4E}\EnableDhcp
            old REG_DWORD = 0

reset   SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\Tcpip\Parameters\Interfaces\{5B3675C3-6EB9-4936-B991-04DA31024C4E}\IpAddress
            old REG_MULTI_SZ =
                12.12.12.12

deleted SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\Tcpip\Parameters\Interfaces\{5B3675C3-6EB9-4936-B991-04DA31024C4E}\IpAutoconfigurationAddress
deleted SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\Tcpip\Parameters\Interfaces\{5B3675C3-6EB9-4936-B991-04DA31024C4E}\IpAutoconfigurationMask
deleted SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\Tcpip\Parameters\Interfaces\{5B3675C3-6EB9-4936-B991-04DA31024C4E}\IpAutoconfigurationSeed
reset   SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\Tcpip\Parameters\Interfaces\{5B3675C3-6EB9-4936-B991-04DA31024C4E}\RawIpAllowedProtocols
            old REG_MULTI_SZ =
                0

reset   SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\Tcpip\Parameters\Interfaces\{5B3675C3-6EB9-4936-B991-04DA31024C4E}\SubnetMask
            old REG_MULTI_SZ =
                255.255.255.0

reset   SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\Tcpip\Parameters\Interfaces\{5B3675C3-6EB9-4936-B991-04DA31024C4E}\TcpAllowedPorts
            old REG_MULTI_SZ =
                0

reset   SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\Tcpip\Parameters\Interfaces\{5B3675C3-6EB9-4936-B991-04DA31024C4E}\UdpAllowedPorts
            old REG_MULTI_SZ =
                0

added   SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\Tcpip\Parameters\Interfaces\{BAA9D128-54BB-43F6-8922-313D537BE03E}\AddressType
added   SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\Tcpip\Parameters\Interfaces\{BAA9D128-54BB-43F6-8922-313D537BE03E}\DefaultGatewayMetric
added   SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\Tcpip\Parameters\Interfaces\{BAA9D128-54BB-43F6-8922-313D537BE03E}\DisableDynamicUpdate
deleted SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\Tcpip\Parameters\Interfaces\{BAA9D128-54BB-43F6-8922-313D537BE03E}\DontAddDefaultGateway
reset   SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\Tcpip\Parameters\Interfaces\{BAA9D128-54BB-43F6-8922-313D537BE03E}\EnableDhcp
            old REG_DWORD = 0

added   SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\Tcpip\Parameters\Interfaces\{BAA9D128-54BB-43F6-8922-313D537BE03E}\NameServer
added   SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\Tcpip\Parameters\Interfaces\{BAA9D128-54BB-43F6-8922-313D537BE03E}\RawIpAllowedProtocols
added   SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\Tcpip\Parameters\Interfaces\{BAA9D128-54BB-43F6-8922-313D537BE03E}\TcpAllowedPorts
added   SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\Tcpip\Parameters\Interfaces\{BAA9D128-54BB-43F6-8922-313D537BE03E}\UdpAllowedPorts
reset   SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\Tcpip\Parameters\Interfaces\{BD2859BA-B26A-4E2B-A3FE-3D246F90A81A}\DefaultGateway
            old REG_MULTI_SZ =
                10.1.1.2
                

reset   SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\Tcpip\Parameters\Interfaces\{BD2859BA-B26A-4E2B-A3FE-3D246F90A81A}\DefaultGatewayMetric
            old REG_MULTI_SZ =
                0
               

added   SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\Tcpip\Parameters\Interfaces\{BD2859BA-B26A-4E2B-A3FE-3D246F90A81A}\DisableDynamicUpdate
reset   SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\Tcpip\Parameters\Interfaces\{BD2859BA-B26A-4E2B-A3FE-3D246F90A81A}\EnableDhcp
            old REG_DWORD = 0

reset   SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\Tcpip\Parameters\Interfaces\{BD2859BA-B26A-4E2B-A3FE-3D246F90A81A}\IpAddress
            old REG_MULTI_SZ =
                10.1.1.1
               

deleted SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\Tcpip\Parameters\Interfaces\{BD2859BA-B26A-4E2B-A3FE-3D246F90A81A}\IpAutoconfigurationAddress
deleted SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\Tcpip\Parameters\Interfaces\{BD2859BA-B26A-4E2B-A3FE-3D246F90A81A}\IpAutoconfigurationMask
deleted SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\Tcpip\Parameters\Interfaces\{BD2859BA-B26A-4E2B-A3FE-3D246F90A81A}\IpAutoconfigurationSeed
reset   SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\Tcpip\Parameters\Interfaces\{BD2859BA-B26A-4E2B-A3FE-3D246F90A81A}\NameServer
            old REG_SZ = 10.1.1.2,10.1.1.3

reset   SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\Tcpip\Parameters\Interfaces\{BD2859BA-B26A-4E2B-A3FE-3D246F90A81A}\RawIpAllowedProtocols
            old REG_MULTI_SZ =
                0

reset   SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\Tcpip\Parameters\Interfaces\{BD2859BA-B26A-4E2B-A3FE-3D246F90A81A}\SubnetMask
            old REG_MULTI_SZ =
                255.255.255.0
               

reset   SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\Tcpip\Parameters\Interfaces\{BD2859BA-B26A-4E2B-A3FE-3D246F90A81A}\TcpAllowedPorts
            old REG_MULTI_SZ =
                0

reset   SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\Tcpip\Parameters\Interfaces\{BD2859BA-B26A-4E2B-A3FE-3D246F90A81A}\UdpAllowedPorts
            old REG_MULTI_SZ =
                0

deleted SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\Tcpip\Parameters\DontAddDefaultGatewayDefault
deleted SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\Tcpip\Parameters\EnableIcmpRedirect
deleted SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\Tcpip\Parameters\EnableSecurityFilters
deleted SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\Tcpip\Parameters\SearchList
deleted SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\Tcpip\Parameters\UseDomainNameDevolution
<completed>
				

参考

有关其他信息,请单击下面的文章编号,以查看 Microsoft 知识库中相应的文章:
314067 (http://support.microsoft.com/kb/314067/) 如何解决 Windows XP 的 TCP/IP 连接问题
有关其他信息,请单击下面的文章编号,以查看 Microsoft 知识库中相应的文章:
811259 (http://support.microsoft.com/kb/811259/) 如何确定并恢复 Winsock2 冲突

这篇文章中的信息适用于:
Microsoft Windows XP Professional Edition
Microsoft Windows XP Home Edition
关键字: 
kbhowto kbacwsurvey kbenv kbnetwork KB299357
Microsoft和/或其各供应商对于为任何目的而在本服务器上发布的文件及有关图形所含信息的适用性,不作任何声明。 所有该等文件及有关图

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